UK Foreign Secretary David Cameron has threatened to withdraw co-operation with Scottish ministers after Humza Yousaf met with Recep Tayyip Erdogan,
BBC reports.
The first minister met the Turkish president at COP28 without a UK official present, which Lord Cameron said was a breach of protocol.
It comes amid ongoing tensions between Scotland and the UK government over meetings with foreign officials.
A spokesperson for Mr Yousaf said a UK official was invited to the meeting.
Meanwhile a UK government source told the BBC Lord Cameron wants to take a "harder line" approach than his predecessor James Cleverly.
Foreign affairs are reserved to the UK government but the devolved nations are allowed to engage internationally on devolved competencies.
The BBC has seen a letter which Lord Cameron, who returned to the cabinet as foreign secretary last month, has written to the SNP's External Affairs Secretary Angus Robertson.
In that letter, Lord Cameron said the Scottish government had assured the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) that it would give "sufficient advance notice" of the meeting with Mr Erdogan.
He said this was to allow one of his officials to attend the meeting and "was not done".
"The absence of an FCDO official at this meeting contravenes the protocols in our guidance on FCDO support to devolved government ministers' overseas visits," the letter reads.
"Any further breaches of the protocol of ministerial meetings have a FCDO official present will result in no further FCDO facilitation of meetings or logistical support.
"We will also need to consider the presence of Scottish government offices in UK government posts."
